All Publications

Complete collection of research papers from the Money as Finance Research Network

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Speculation, financial fragility and stock-flow consistency

Jo Michell (2014)

Analyzes the relationship between speculation and financial instability using stock-flow consistent modeling. Explores how speculative behavior interacts with balance sheet dynamics to generate financial fragility in capitalist economies.

In: The Great Recession and the contradictions of contemporary capitalism, Edward Elgar Publishing

Balance Sheet Relations Endogenous Risk Macrofinancial Modeling

Dollar liquidity, financial vulnerability and monetary sovereignty

Rob Calvert Jump, Jo Michell (2023)

Examines how dollar-denominated debt affects monetary sovereignty and financial stability in emerging economies. Demonstrates the constraints that offshore dollar funding places on domestic monetary policy autonomy and economic development.

Development and Change, 54(5), 1087-1113

Monetary Hierarchy Crossborder Flows

Theorising non-bank financial intermediation

Jo Michell (2024)

Develops a comprehensive theoretical framework for understanding non-bank financial intermediation. Challenges traditional banking theory by analyzing how shadow banking creates systemic risks through complex chains of financial intermediation.

Review of Keynesian Economics, 12(2), 181-196

Balance Sheet Relations Endogenous Risk

Do shadow banks create money? Financialisation and the monetary circuit

Jo Michell (2017)

Investigates the money-creating capacity of shadow banking institutions using monetary circuit theory. Argues that understanding shadow banking requires analyzing the institutional structure of money creation beyond traditional commercial banks.

Metroeconomica, 68(2), 354-377

Reflux Dynamics Balance Sheet Relations

Post Keynesians and Circuitists on money and uncertainty

Giuseppe Fontana (2000)

Provides a comprehensive synthesis of Post Keynesian and Circuitist approaches to money and uncertainty. Develops a unified framework showing how these schools complement each other in understanding monetary phenomena.

Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 23(1), 27-48

Balance Sheet Relations Reflux Dynamics

Post Keynesian approaches to endogenous money: a time framework explanation

Giuseppe Fontana (2003)

Develops a temporal framework for understanding endogenous money creation. Distinguishes between different time horizons in monetary analysis and shows how this resolves apparent contradictions in Post Keynesian monetary theory.

Review of Political Economy, 15(3), 291-314

Reflux Dynamics Macrofinancial Modeling

Monetary economics after the global financial crisis

Giuseppe Fontana, Riccardo Realfonzo, Marco Veronese Passarella (2020)

Assesses the evolution of endogenous money theory following the 2008 global financial crisis. Examines how central bank interventions and unconventional monetary policies have validated core Post Keynesian insights about money creation.

European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies, 17(3), 339-355

Endogenous Risk Reflux Dynamics

The Monetary Circuit Theory, Financialisation and the Rise of the Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries

Rosa Canelli, Giuseppe Fontana, Riccardo Realfonzo (2025)

Applies monetary circuit theory to analyze the growth of non-bank financial intermediation. Shows how financialization has transformed the monetary circuit, creating new channels for money creation and systemic risk outside traditional banking.

Review of Political Economy (forthcoming)

Reflux Dynamics Balance Sheet Relations

Dollar debt in FX swaps and forwards: huge, missing and growing

Claudio Borio, Robert McCauley, Patrick McGuire (2017)

Reveals a massive "hidden" dollar debt market through FX derivatives worth approximately $60 trillion. Demonstrates how this off-balance-sheet funding creates systemic vulnerabilities and challenges traditional views of international capital flows.

BIS Quarterly Review, September 2017

Derivatives Research Crossborder Flows Endogenous Risk

Back to the future: Intellectual challenges for monetary policy

Claudio Borio (2021)

Critically examines the intellectual foundations of contemporary monetary policy. Argues for a return to pre-modern synthesis insights about money, finance, and the real economy to address current policy challenges.

Economic Papers: A Journal of Applied Economics and Policy, 40(4), 273-287

Monetary Hierarchy Reflux Dynamics

Monetary and Fiscal Policy: Privileged powers, entwined responsibilities

Claudio Borio, Piti Disyatat (2021)

Analyzes the fundamental relationships between monetary and fiscal policy. Argues that their operational boundaries are more intertwined than commonly recognized, with important implications for policy coordination and central bank independence.

SUERF Policy Note, No. 238

Monetary Hierarchy Balance Sheet Relations

On money, debt, trust, and central banking

Claudio Borio (2019)

Explores the fundamental relationships between money, debt, and trust in modern financial systems. Examines how central banking has evolved and the challenges facing monetary authorities in maintaining stability and confidence in an interconnected global economy.

Cato Journal, 39, 267-286

Endogenous Risk Balance Sheet Relations

Whither inflation targeting as a global monetary standard?

Claudio Borio (2024)

Critically assesses the future of inflation targeting as the dominant monetary policy framework. Questions whether this approach remains adequate for addressing contemporary challenges including financial stability, climate change, and evolving economic structures.

BIS Working Papers, No. 1170

Monetary Hierarchy

Interest and Capital: The Monetary Economics of MichaƂ Kalecki

Jan Toporowski (2022)

Comprehensive examination of Kalecki's monetary economics, revealing his sophisticated understanding of interest rates, capital formation, and financial markets. Shows how Kalecki's insights remain relevant for contemporary monetary and financial theory.

Oxford University Press

Macrofinancial Modeling Balance Sheet Relations

What Keynes learned from Kalecki: a brief introduction to the fiscal theory of debt management

Jan Toporowski (2022)

Explores the intellectual relationship between Keynes and Kalecki, particularly regarding fiscal policy and debt management. Demonstrates how Kalecki's insights influenced Keynesian thinking about the role of government finance in economic stabilization.

In: Monetary Economics, Banking and Policy, Routledge, 90-102

Monetary Hierarchy Balance Sheet Relations

Anwar Shaikh and the classical theory of interest: a critical note

Jan Toporowski (2020)

Critical examination of Anwar Shaikh's approach to interest rate theory within the classical framework. Evaluates the theoretical foundations and implications of Shaikh's contribution to understanding interest rates in capitalist economies.

Cambridge Journal of Economics, 44(2), 465-474

Macrofinancial Modeling

Payment vs. funding: The law of reflux for today

Perry Mehrling (2022)

Updates Fullarton's law of reflux for modern financial conditions. Distinguishes between payment systems and funding markets to analyze how money creation and destruction work in contemporary market-based credit systems.

INET Working Paper Series

Reflux Dynamics Balance Sheet Relations

Breaking free of the triple coincidence in international finance

Stefan Avdjiev, Robert McCauley, Hyun Song Shin (2016)

Challenges the assumption that GDP boundaries, decision-making units, and currency areas coincide. Shows how this "triple coincidence" misleads analysis of international capital flows and exchange rate dynamics in a world of global finance.

Economic Policy, 31(87), 409-451

Crossborder Flows Monetary Hierarchy

Monetary Economics: An Integrated Approach

Wynne Godley, Marc Lavoie (2012)

Foundational text integrating stock-flow consistent modeling with Post Keynesian monetary theory. Provides comprehensive framework for analyzing monetary economies that respects accounting identities and institutional realities. Introduction and Chapters 1-4 recommended.

Palgrave Macmillan

Macrofinancial Modeling Balance Sheet Relations

Dollarization of the eurozone

John Grahl, Photis Lysandrou (2020)

Analyzes the increasing dependence of European financial markets on dollar funding and instruments. Examines how this "dollarization" affects European monetary sovereignty and the international role of the euro.

New Left Review, 125, 19-33

Crossborder Flows Monetary Hierarchy